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Transference
How is it that blogs become sites of overinvestment? Rather than fora for discussion and disagreement, they all too quickly become stand ins for horrors, hopes, and disappointments of a sort clearly beyond their import. How easily we lapse into malign misreadings, or readings of another clearly in bad faith. How quickly we speed from disagreement to total disparagement.What sense can it possibly make to condense into specific exchanges on specific blogs the entirety of American first amendment jurisprudence, to speak of rights to own and to express and to own what one expresses? What is achieved by attacks masked as requests for clarification, attacks on others who offer themselves and their ideas, for nothing? Why do small exchanges come to stand for the entirety of the political situation of the world? For all of the history of philosophy? How is it that failure to agree comes to stand for the ultimate in complicity with evil? Surely we do not leap to such conclusions when we interact with others face to face, when we hear their voices.
Do blogs take on these roles because each of us, alone before our own screens, can all too easily transfer earlier relations, earlier hopes and disappointments onto others, others known primariliy through their words? Do we fill in the gaps between those words, those comments and posts, perhaps fantasmatically, turning the other person, or our encounter with them, into encounters from our pasts, encounters that we are forever doomed to repeat, to revisit? And is it thus that these sites for multiple transference become cauldrons of accusations and dismissals, accusations that may hide behind or travel masked as jokes and irony, but remain sharp and dangerous nonetheless?
Desire is often present as distortion. Is it possible that the distortions in reading are political distortions, distortions wrought by the trapped,. stalled, unbearble political moment? Or are they more particular, the distortions inextricable from fantasy and desire? And, I wonder, reading Mladen Dolar's, A Voice and nothing more, what role is played by the absence of our voices here? (And, yes Dolar engages the metaphysics of presence, introducing another metaphysical history of the voice, one where the voice is a menace to consistency and disruptive of sense).
Dolar considers the ambivalence of the voice, the voice as an object of authority and of shame:
...the sender of the voice, the bearer of vocal emission, is someone who exposes himself, and thus becomes exposed to the effects of power which not only lie in the privilege of emitting the voice, but pertain to the listener. The subject is exposed to the power of the other by giving his or her own voice, so that the power, domination, can take not only the form of the commanding voice, but that of the ear. The voice comes from some unfathomable invisible interior and brings it out, lays it bare, discloses, uncovers, reveals that interior. ... One could indeed say that there is an effect--or rather, an affect--of shame that accompanies voice: one is ashamed of using one's voice because it exposes some hidden intimacy to the Other, there is shame which pertains not to psychology, but to its structure. ... The trembling voice is a plea for mercy, for sympathy, for understanding, and it is in the power of the listener to grant it or not.
Is it possible that in the absence of the voice, one is more likely to be cruel? That the absent voice is the inextricable nugget that makes the other a human other, one whose vulnerability we cannot ignore? That absent the voice, we can only and at best struggle to detect the revealed interior (not an inner life but the remainder induced by the signifying cut)? And, is it possible, that we experience or seek to distance ourselves from only our own shame; that, in a way, when we involve ourselves in blog conversations, we only "hear" our own voices. So, we confront our own shame, and our own otherness or foreigness to ourselves. Because we don't really, can't really, hear the others, because there is no voice tieing us to the other, we are caught in an echo chamber of our voice, which becomes all the stranger.
Dolar writes:
The voice is the element which ties the subject and the Other together, without belonging to either, just as it formed the tie between body and language without being part of them.
My suggestion above that we only hear our own voices is absurd: when we speak, we rarely hear ourselves. I am generally appalled when I hear my voice on an answering machine or on some kind of taped interview. But the revulsion is not before the uncanny effect of my voice disconnected from me. Rather, it is the fact that this is what I sound like, that this strange effect, this noise, accompanies the words that come from my mouth. When I speak, I can only speak if I ignore the sound of my own voice. Yet, in ignoring it, it can get out of hand, seeming too terse, rude, or impatient. It interacts with others in ways that mock my will, my intentions, what I think that I want to display. So, in blogging, can we, do we confront the familiar strangeness of our own voices? Is this strangeness, and its connection with shame, part of what we try to attack, to dismiss, to avoid? Or, are their other voices, the voices of others, those caught inside us, that we hear when we don't hear the voices of those whose typed words we read?
It may be that in the silence of blogs, in the absence of the voice, we are left with subjects and others that have no tie at all. That only clash.
By Jodi | May 14, 2006 in Blogs, Psychoanalysis | Permalink
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From my post at Long Sunday: How is it that blogs become sites of overinvestment? Rather than fora for discussion and disagreement, they all too quickly become stand ins for horrors, hopes, and disappointments of a sort clearly beyond their [Read More]
Tracked on May 14, 2006 2:35:28 PM
» Voices on voices from >> mind the __ GAP* ?
the sender of the voice, the bearer of vocal emission, is someone who exposes himself, and thus becomes exposed to the effects of power which not only lie in the privilege of emitting the voice, but pertain to the listener. The subject is expose... [Read More]
Tracked on May 16, 2006 5:50:22 AM
» Barbaro and Bonds from the naked gaze 肉眼
Back in the 1980s, there was a Doonesbury strip in which a woman recalled the tumultuous events of the early 1970s (i.e., a quagmire of a foreign war, a corrupt executive branch overstepping its authority, oil shortages and record oil prices, etc.…. so... [Read More]
Tracked on May 24, 2006 10:32:29 AM
» Barbaro and Bonds from the naked gaze 肉眼
Back in the 1980s, there was a Doonesbury strip in which a woman recalled the tumultuous events of the early 1970s (i.e., a quagmire of a foreign war, a corrupt executive branch overstepping its authority, oil shortages and record oil prices, etc.…. so... [Read More]
Tracked on May 24, 2006 10:36:09 AM
Comments
I don't know when people have voice they can be pretty horrible too.
Posted by: John S. Ransom | May 14, 2006 2:41:09 PM
There's a specific nastiness to computer communication (similar dynamics come up on email lists sometimes). I think it's also connected w/ writing in general (the UK marxist on paper magazine Aufheben springs to mind as one example of a writing given to singularly uncharitable and aggressive responses, or Debord's many polemical writings). I'm not sure how the two relate to each other, if it's just that computers are faster, or if there's something about the screen and lack of a tangible object that adds to it. Anyway, I like this post.
Posted by: Nate | May 14, 2006 5:53:44 PM
'Is it possible that in the absence of the voice, one is more likely to be cruel?'
I often 'hear' the way in which I think various bloggers would speak, or at least their 'blog voice' becomes quite familiar and specific. Good questions...and how wonderful to meet Nate's voice in the 'real world' again the other week!
Posted by: infinite thought | May 14, 2006 8:18:35 PM
(And what's the point of having children, if they don't 'do' answering machines?)
Regarding your last sentence, the (understandable) blog-weariness of which does seem to beg for disagreement: don't all relations begin in (some sort of) silence, by necessity? And isn't there exposure in writing, and in a community of readers, only more discreet and less direct (such that one cannot simply proclaim it)? And we're all so naked when we write - and yet also so cocooned when presuming to be forthright, and confessional...
One thinks of David Lynch's shouting, and how it seems (designed at times) to preempt a kind of easy identification, or false empathy (saying it resists mimetic contagion might be saying too much - it seems rather distinctively performative.)
I'm often struck by the sharp degree to which some people are more audile than textual (or vice versa, though the former may be - in this age of reading (comprehension) crisis - more predominant). (The latter, having sometimes mislearned through reading, may mispronounce words in embarrassing moments, when tensions are running high and really looking for that devastating word, - only to provoke instant correction and forfeit of all rhetorical stature, or so anyway I hear.)
Spivak has undoubtedly linked _Ear of the Other_ and answering machines, somewhere...
But to redeem the aesthetic (but not the epic fetishization, of the voice as in opera, say) -that does seem a worthy task.
This comment is all over the place. It is late (and I've been gardening all weekend, in the rain).
I do think there's a unique potential for "productive" ex-posure in (blog)writing, though more difficult than is often acknowledged. (Don't rush to color me phoric on any universal, or political level, in other words.)
Posted by: Matt | May 15, 2006 2:40:50 AM
I'm unsure about whether the issue is that there is no voice, unless this opens out on the question of embodiment and difference.
Given the prefatory circlings around Schmitt elsewhere, I find myself wondering whether, or how, the distinction between polemos and stasis is a plausible one? Where's the border that defines the point at which war becomes civil (or where war can be safely be put beyond civil space and only be waged against foreigners)? Is it possible to situate that border in cyberspace, and to what effect? Or does the framework of civil space merely get projected onto the screen as the assumption of - or aspiration for - a disembodied communication, a neutral voice, and so on?
Or, what of counter-transference, or the (to borrow a SZ phrase) the "unfathomable remainder"?
Posted by: s0metim3s | May 15, 2006 5:31:45 AM
An essay on the subject.
Posted by: Jonathan | May 15, 2006 12:57:13 PM
It seems to me that it has something to do with the way that blogs tamper with the distinction between public and private spheres. On the one hand, blogs might seem to be a faster-paced version of the same kind of print-based political polemic we've had since the advent of the printing press. On the other hand, it seems to me that the Internet is experienced as a very private and intimate space by many people -- they're regularly putting their "selves" out there in a way that the traditional print media did not allow, at least not in the same sense. The populist aspect of blogs -- meaning the participation of less educated people who have not learned the discipline of abstracting themselves from their opinions -- only exacerbates this. Among the media elites of the punditocracy, for all their manifest failings, this visceral identification of self-worth with opinion seems to be at least controlled -- even if they are trying to incite that kind of visceral identification in their audience (as in the case of Rush Limbaugh -- he has some real distance from his political opinions, which is why he's able to control his presentation, and thus manipulate his audience, so effectively).
Posted by: Adam Kotsko | May 15, 2006 1:33:08 PM
From the linked article: The third symptom of regression--and you may not consider it a regression at all--is the extraordinary generosity you see on the Internet. The one comment you hear over and over again about online communication is the openness, the sense of sharing and, mostly, tolerance.
This confused me. In fact it all seems a tad, well, reductive Jonathan.
I think Adam is right, both about abstracting self-worth from opinions, and to imply that self-exposure (to an unprecedentedly self-selecting audience, all these selves) isn't necessarily all bad, as the "regressive" theory might suggest. (On the contrary, self-exposure can be really wonderful.)
Of course that aspect of blogging is traditionally viewed anathema to serious or (heaven-forbid) "scholarly" um, endeavors (without succumbing either to the megalomania Jodi warns against). Still there's an uneasy line there worth treading, or maybe skipping over, as it moves and hopefully keeps moving.
Posted by: Matt | May 15, 2006 2:54:47 PM
Is it the voice that is the absent element? Or is not instead the face? Email especially, and also SMS text messages, are tonally flat in the extreme. They do not lend themselves to irony or tonal nuance. Stemming from this, a veritable entire panopoly of strange new symbols. Emoticons. As if, when language fails, emotion fills the hole. Except, that there is something distinctly inhuman about these little characters. Inhuman, also idiotic. First, they overcompensate - what serious person telegraphs themselves in communication so blatantly as this? Second, they are limiting in the extreme - there is no way we can talk abstractly so long as we confine ourselves to little smiley faces.
But then again, the existence of these gestures also reveals something quite profound. Namely, that there is no such thing as a subject, only a subject position. And the problem is - there is something extremely uncanny and immaterial about talking a subject position in the realm of abstract thought, in relation to only abstract thought. You become a subject of a subject, and subject yourself in consequence to the an abyssal mirroring effect.
Who am I? What am I talking about? Perhaps, if I attack you, I think in a resentful way, then I will find out.
In real life, of course, I think this to, but restrain myself, because I consider the consequences. But so long as we all remain purely in the aerarium of abstraction, there are no consequences. Because always potentially more victims.
Let the bloodletting begin.
Posted by: josef k. | May 15, 2006 3:07:36 PM
Dear God Josef, think of your career.
Posted by: Matt | May 15, 2006 5:04:37 PM
But Matt...by trade I am a freelance sewer worker.
Posted by: josef k. | May 15, 2006 7:40:51 PM
Luckily even they can still be hipsters, thanks to Flash Mob theory.
Posted by: | May 15, 2006 8:35:44 PM
I find this topic fascinating. In addition to being an avid blogger I teach an online class or two, and I have to work very hard in the discussion boards to make sure that I do not come across as a smart ass. I certainly do not intend to come across as a smart ass, so I must find ways to really, really calm the intended voice, which is impaired partly by the written word, but also by the inability of the students to pick up on tone. Things which work well in the classroom setting do not necessarily transfer to the online setting. The blogging voice seems to be aggressive by nature (to some). This is due largely to an absence of gesture, body language, and voice. I never cease to be amazed at the tendency of readers to misread one another's comments, and to become offended as a result.
As regards "the voice as an object that can be seen as the lever of thought" (fantastic quote!) I would add something I read recently by Marshall McLuhan, in his book "Counter Blast":
"In a pre-literate world words are not signs. They evoke things directly in what psychologists call acoustic space. By being named, the thing is simply there. Acoustic space is a dynamic or harmonic field. It exists while the music or sound persists. And the hearer is one with it, as with music. Acoustic space is the spaceworld of primeval man. Even his visual experience is much subordinate to his auditory and magical domain wherein there is neither centre nor margin nor point of view.....Contrary to popular superstition it is the oral tradition which ensures fixity. Robert Redfield in The Primitive World and its Transformations points to the timeless character of pre-literate societies where exclusively oral communication makes for intimacy and homogeneity of experience."
He goes on, as McLuhan does... eventually making the point in a sort of hyper-text fashion. The point about the global village for McLuhan is that it is essentially an auditory experience, thanks to radio, tv and recordings. At one point he writes:
"Today our acoustic technology is beginning to restore the ancient union of words and music, but especially the tape recorder has brought back the voice of the bard."
McLuhan maintains that the print media are the oddest, least natural forms of communication, because they lack the wholeness of the auditory experience. Perhaps, with so many people blogging nowadays, people who really have not mastered the nuances of the "new" medium, we should not be surprised that things break down so fast.
Posted by: flotsam | May 17, 2006 2:57:18 PM
Flotsam, thanks for your comment. Do you or does anyone know of any blogs where folks comment vocally? I'm thinking of podcasts and whether folks post comments with little mini podcasts or something like that so that then folks can listen to the discussion. I would guess that the temporality would make a big difference. The few times I've been part of a conference call, I've hated it. But, I wonder about something like recorded comments.
Posted by: Jodi | May 17, 2006 3:07:13 PM
First off, I don't think McLuhan was completely right when he said that "acoustic technology is beginning to restore the ancient union of words and music." He is (of course) contradicting himself. For the hearer to be "one with" acoustic space, the hearer needs to be in that acoustic space. McLuhan was brilliant, but not consistent. The farmers in their distant fens picking up on broadcasts of highbrow music back in the day when these things were first being done were not partaking of the same acoustic space as those present in the concert halls, so were not part of the same shared experience.
Conference calls are a good example of acoustic technology facilitating low-grade communication. It's partly the absence of face, but it's also the absence of shared space. I daresay that podcasts will become more interactive in the near future, but still... what will that be?
I will go further. I have also taught classes using what we used to call T.W.I.T (two way interactive technology), or "distance learning". In that setting you get to hear AND see your students (and they you) in "real time" (whatever that means - as opposed to "unreal" time?). Invariably, the students in front of you, in the room with you, sharing the same acoustic space, are the ones who do better. The distant learners are distant, and do not get the same experience. Misunderstandings occur. The camera frames a part of you, and that part is not the whole. The experience remains fragmented and unsatisfactory, both visually and acoustically.
Why do people still go to sporting events when the television experience is superior in so many ways? And yet they do go, because to be there is to partake of the sacred acoustic space, where meaning is constructed in its unfettered wholeness.
In Don DeLilo's "Underworld" the narrator remarks how, after the "shot heard round the world" home run by Bobby Thompson took place, everyone ran outside in order to share the experience, communally. In that sense, they were indeed reacting to the radio voice of Russ Hodges, who kept repeating the one phrase "The Giants win the pennant, The Giants win the pennant, etc." in shocked disbelief. In those days the radio voice still had the power to unify and orchestrate an acoustic community. But nowadays, people don't run outside to celebrate. They stay in, keeping to themselves.
Much of "Underworld" is an extended meditation on the sound of words, actually. DeLilo does an amazing job of capturing Lenny Bruce in all his acoustic glory.
So... we were talking about why blogs can be so vicious? I think I am saying it is because the experience is by nature fragmentary, and the users are not always adept. I think Adam Kostko makes a great point when he writes:
"The populist aspect of blogs -- meaning the participation of less educated people who have not learned the discipline of abstracting themselves from their opinions -- only exacerbates this [virtual intimacy]."
Posted by: flotsam | May 17, 2006 10:08:06 PM
Liked your comments about Murakami, flotsam.
(As well as E.B. White, and the nod to Philip Larkin...)
Posted by: Matt | May 17, 2006 10:31:30 PM
http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/brian/archives/026753.html
Posted by: | May 17, 2006 11:38:30 PM
"So... we were talking about why blogs can be so vicious?...Kotsko makes a great point...the participation of less educated people who have not learned the discipline of abstracting themselves from their opinions..."
This appears to me a little problematic in the direct connection it draws between viciousness and the under educated.
Surely viciousness is a kind of opinion, and therefore it should be abstracted from its avatars.
One cannot just simply blame the ignorant, surely.
Posted by: josef k. | May 18, 2006 2:59:00 AM
"One cannot just simply blame the ignorant, surely."
True. There are people who are not ignorant of writing conventions, who choose willingly to be vicious. But there is another and special kind of viciousness which arises out of a misunderstanding of how to pick up on the voice of the writer. In the absence of the auditory and visual signals, there is sometimes a tendency to assume the worst. People tend to be easily offended online, it seems to me.
Posted by: flotsam | May 18, 2006 11:44:46 AM
By and large the offense would seem contrived and imaginary (and sometimes frankly paranoid), i.e. egocentric and not real (perhaps precisely why we try - and passionately - to make it Real, as Badiou might say). But how could it be? There may be a trace of the body in another's text, but it is an elusive specter to try stabbing in order to draw blood.
So it seems rather obvious the bluster of offense is mostly false cover. Insecurity in the absence of social status props or the tools of intimidation belonging generally to power...being understandable.
One might further distinguish between the insecurity-driven, preemptive aggression and that rather baited, or indirectly encouraged to fit the bill (so as to then be summarily dismissed, and in timbres of "liberal tolerance" no less, how clever we become).
Further there are those whose flame might well be lit, in other words, by a passion for justice or "the pathos of indignation." (After all, what is light without a bit of heat?)
Posted by: Smart Ass | May 18, 2006 12:38:37 PM
I wonder about how easy it really is to divorce an idea of neutral and objective writing conventions from the idea of obscene and excessive viciousness. In order to be meaningful, the idea of writing conventions must be defined against the idea of viciousness. In this way, they are locked together in a dialectical embrace. Obviously, the problem is that the same language in one sphere might be regarded as acceptable, but in another sphere, might equally be regarded as and insulting. For instance, in the Sewer where I work my chums and I regularly banter back and forth in iambic pentameter, and yet if I were to try this in French sewer, where the generally established convention is heavily hexagrammatic, I would be considered extremely rude.
In this way, this issue on reflection seems to me to be more of a spatial problem, a spatial-productive problem, than a problem to do with corporality - face, voice, gaze, etc, and in fact I wonder how meaningful these concepts really are on the internet.
Could it not be that it is the very effort to humanize the other which, working up the most resistance, ultimately produces the greatest violence?
Posted by: josef k. | May 18, 2006 4:49:00 PM
Josef k--perhaps we shouldn't eliminate voice so quickly; it is also spatially relevant: shouting and whispering, close talking...
Posted by: Jodi | May 18, 2006 5:35:51 PM
Jodi - that last comment was a whispered aside, no?
Talking about voice in a spatial sense seems to me to be a question of sonority.
[This comment was perhaps a stutter.]
Posted by: josef k. | May 19, 2006 7:12:50 AM
Wait, are you two whispering? (Are you speaking in codes?)
Again?
Open the gossip gates!! Release the preemptive flood!!!
Posted by: NWC | May 19, 2006 9:54:45 AM
Josef K: yes, and sonority can change tone and meaning, mood and affect; we might whisper asides to keep the really important matters away from eavesdroppers such as NWC. And, of course we will ignore the shouters, who go on and on desperately, trying to break through the wall that they've produced themselves in all their posturing postulating.
Posted by: Jodi | May 19, 2006 12:44:35 PM
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