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Metaphysical

I am, by no means, a specialist - or even vaguely acquainted - with most positivist philosophy. Recently I read H.L.A. Hart's The Concept of Law in order to teach it to my legal studies students. Among other things, Hart is interested in destroying Austen's definition of law as the command of the sovereign backed up by coercive force. Part of Hart's problem with Austen's definition is the inclusion of the sovereign. Hart hates this idea - regardless of any other merits in Austen's definition, the inclusion of sovereignty is more or less enough to make it completely wrong. My problem, however, is that Hart's argument against sovereignty is anything but: it amounts to little more than saying, "Sovereignty is metaphysical." Apparently - for Hart at least, but I get the impression this is common for most positivists - saying something is metaphysical is enough to completely destroy another argument. I don't get it: why is calling sovereignty "metaphysical" a knock down argument that lets you move on to the next point? Put another way, even if sovereignty is "metaphysical" and has no concrete empirical referent - you never "see" sovereignty; you never "see" causality - the fact remains that sovereignty is ontologically real: people act as though it is there. Doesn't this amount to little but another form of the confusion regarding the reality of social constructed things? ("If they're socially constructed, that means they aren't real or imaginary.")

(Cross-posted to theoria.)

By Craig | September 26, 2007 in Sovereignty | Permalink

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Doesn't this amount to little but another form of the confusion regarding the reality of social constructed things? ("If they're socially constructed, that means they aren't real or imaginary.")

I can't remember the specific part in The Concept of Law that you're talking about, so I won't comment on the nature or effectiveness of Hart's argument on that point. But I can say that the point of the positivist critique of metaphysical concepts is precisely to underscore the reality of "socially constructed" things. Positivism is an attempt (even if only implicitly) to think against the kind of philosophical logic that wants to ground everything on some force or structure that exists outside (of) the social.

The point, then, is that the social is real, that the reality of the social isn't dependent upon some ethereal, mystical entity. The point can be made via your own example: "even if sovereignty is "metaphysical" and has no concrete empirical referent - you never "see" sovereignty; you never "see" causality - the fact remains that sovereignty is ontologically real: people act as though it is there". The "acting as though it is there" is a social structure/behaviour/practice. It's not some metaphysical thing that causes people to act in that way, but rather a complex set of social forces that "produces" the "belief" (all of these terms are inadequate, and I use them only in order to proceed quickly) that sovereignty (for example) is metaphysically guaranteed (e.g. authorised by God).

The positivist critique of metaphysics is thus an attempt to give a sociological explanation for everything that is believed to be grounded in "nature" or "God" or some other entity/force that is understood to exist prior to and outside the social.

Posted by: rob | Sep 26, 2007 9:08:22 PM

BTW (and apologies for the shameless self-promotion), but I get into a lot more detail on this issue in a debate I had with someone at another blog (roughtheory.org) regarding the possibility of a "post-structuralist sociology.

It's a long, meandering discussion, and not every comment (not even the initial posting) is directly relevant to the issue, but if you're interested in following up the point, here's the URL:

http://www.roughtheory.org/content/do-we-do-structuralism/

I'm more than happy to take it up again here, if you had any objections/thoughts/questions.

Posted by: rob | Sep 26, 2007 9:14:07 PM

Wow!!! Positivists! Metaphysics! Law! Seriously, what a massively old hat. Why not at least bring in, I dunno, Schmitt? Iris Murdoch's Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals? You know, to read the concept of sovereignity against the conceptualisation of Ethics against Law? Or, hm, Kafka? You know, sovereignity in the "Trial"? Or whatever, even a frigging TV Guide would do (Law and Order?).

Speaking of which! Don't you think "Long Sunday" is just a liiiittle bit sad for a group blog title? Unless you are all, like, sensitive teenagers or something, but place seems more like an Eternal Friday in the teacher lounge at some sad 3rd rate college. Rank with the sweat of broken ambitions ;-)

Posted by: Aimee | Sep 30, 2007 4:22:34 AM

Aimee,
The only 'old' thing here is the reappearence of phantasy that metaphysics is somehow irrelevant, because ultimately to discard metaphysics is to discard ontology and the general investigation into the nature of reality. To imagine, as you suggest, that positivism, metaphysics is somehow less useful than Schmitt, is to avoid the real because the reverse is true.

The problem, assuming there is one is the tendency to accord greater value to fashionable right figures...

Posted by: sdv | Sep 30, 2007 1:56:46 PM

How weird--what's up with Aimee's nasty comment? At any rate, what is constructed is reality. People aren't confused. To use a Lacanian commonplace, the symbolic does exist it insists; or, the big Other doesn't exist, but that's not a criterion for efficacy.

I'd also add that sovereignty is seen and experienced in the mulitiplicity of sovereignties differential effects and, why not, affects.

Posted by: jdean | Sep 30, 2007 8:05:25 PM

"Unless you are all, like, sensitive teenagers or something, but place seems more like an Eternal Friday in the teacher lounge at some sad 3rd rate college. Rank with the sweat of broken ambitions ;-)"

Oh yeah, you tiresome little Chabertian? So why don't you bore some asses to death with your insufferable foreign movie sensitivities such as are so deeply appreciated by ancient sensitive teenagers and 3rd rate whimperers like you? Call 1-800-CHABERT...for a Historic Perspective... http://parodycentrum.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/banner/

Online Pharmacists are Waiting….

Posted by: patrick j. mullins | Oct 1, 2007 4:44:41 PM

http://parodycentrum.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/banner/

Why the fuck won't this link to our illumined home?

Posted by: patrick j. mullins | Oct 1, 2007 4:45:49 PM

https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=18174466&postID=7924897769720321002

Good, aimee will have to paste this one in her browser as well. This tells the exciting story of how Arpege Chabert found 'a brother!' who was both a Forex trader and a Sunday-painter Marxism-'n'-personality-disorder hobbyist.

'The sweat of broken ambitions...'

oooooo, c'est tellement mysterieux...

Posted by: patrick j. mullins | Oct 1, 2007 4:57:50 PM

Patrick--nice catch from the Qlipoth comments.

Posted by: Jodi | Oct 1, 2007 8:50:01 PM

Odd and creepy. And how totally unexpected.

Posted by: Matt | Oct 2, 2007 10:27:23 PM

Hope this goes without saying, but above comment by Amiee is not from me.

Posted by: amie | Oct 3, 2007 10:41:21 AM

"Hope this goes without saying, but above comment by Amiee is not from me."

I'm afraid that changes the essential message but little. It is true you would have needed to be drunk to pull all the stops out like a good Chabertian.

Posted by: patrick j. mullins | Oct 3, 2007 10:55:58 AM

I'm not sure what people who don't post or comment to this site have to do with anything, but the second Aimee is not the first Aimee. The second Aimee is the person who usually goes by that name on this site. Whether the first Aimee intended to create confusion is not known - nor is it particularly interesting (or, for that matter, coherent).

Posted by: Craig | Oct 3, 2007 4:53:20 PM

fwimbw, Amie, i did not think so.

Posted by: Matt | Oct 3, 2007 5:51:43 PM

So, I take it the question of the relations between metaphysics and positivism is not one that interests anyone nearly as much as that of the identity and/or theoretical allegiance of a random?

Posted by: rob | Oct 3, 2007 10:22:20 PM

Related questions -

"Why No Kelsen" at PrawfsBlawg; "Why Don't American Philosophers of Law Talk about Kelsen?" reply at Brian Leiter's Legal Philosophy Blog; and a reply to the reply at "An alternative theory of Kelsen's neglect - Americans lazy, provincial" by PrawfsBlawg.

I'm generous, I think, in characterizing Leiter's reply as a "reply" - talking with Leiter is like talking with a Tickle Me Elmo (or so it seems).

Posted by: Craig | Oct 5, 2007 1:37:05 AM

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